Sourcetone peer-reviewed scientific publications:

  1. Huq, A., Bello, J.P., Rowe, R. 2010. Automated Music Emotion Recognition: A Systematic Evaluation. Journal of New Music Research, 39(3):227-244.
  2. Bachorik JP, Bangert M, Loui P, Larke K, Berger J, Rowe R, Schlaug, G. 2009. Emotion in Motion: Investigating the Time-Course of Emotional Judgments of Musical Stimuli. Music Perception, 26(4):355-364.
  3. Loui P, Bachorik JP, Li HC, Rowe R, Berger J, Schlaug G. Effects of lyrics on emotional arousal, submitted.
  4. Gerlach K, Li HC, Loui P, Bangert M, Bachorik J, Rowe R, Schlaug G. Changes in heart rate and respiration covary with musical tempi variations, submitted.

Additional Sourcetone publications will continue to appear during 2010. Please check back to this page for links as they become available.


Selected Sourcetone Staff Publications


Dr. Robert Rowe, Ph.D

Bachorik JP, Bangert M, Loui P, Larke K, Berger J, Rowe R, Schlaug, G. 2009. Emotion in Motion: Investigating the Time-Course of Emotional Judgments of Musical Stimuli. Music Perception, 26(4):355-364.

Koblyakov, L. 1992. Score/Music Orientation: An Interview with Robert Rowe. Computer Music Journal, 16(3).

Rowe, R. 2005. Personal Effects: Weaning Interactive Systems from MIDI. Proceedings of the Spark Festival 2005.

Rowe, R. 2005. Real Time and Unreal Time: Expression in Distributed Performance. Journal of New Music Research, 34(1): 87-96.

Rowe, R. 2005. The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures by David Temperley. (review) Music Perception, 23(2): 189-191.

Rowe, R. 2002. Machine Musicianship. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111(5): 2348.

Rowe, R. 2001. Machine Musicianship.Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press

Rowe, R. 2000. Interactive Music Systems in Ensemble Performance. In Readings in Music and Artificial Intelligence, Eduardo Reck Miranda, ed. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.

Rowe, R. 2000. Key Induction in the Context of Interactive Performance. Music Perception, 17(4): 511-530.

Rowe, R. 1999. The Aesthetics of Interactive Music Systems. Contemporary Music Review, 18(3): 83-88.

Rowe, R. 1996. Incrementally Improving Interactive Music Systems. Contemporary Music Review, 13(2): 47-62.

Rowe, R. Systèmes Musicaux Interactifs .1996. French translation by Arnaud Piat. Paris: Thompson International.

Rowe, R. Interactive Music Systems. 1993. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Rowe, R. 1992. Machine Listening and Composing with Cypher. Computer Music Journal, 16(1).

Rowe, R. and Rolnick, N. 2004. The Technophobe and the Madman: An Internet- 2 Distibuted Musical. Proceedings of the 2004 International Computer Music Conference. San Francisco: International Computer Music Association.

Xu, A., Woszczyk, W., Settel, Z., Pennycook, B., Rowe, R., Galanter, P., Bary, J., Martin, G., Corey, J., and Cooperstock, J.R. 2000. Real-Time Streaming of Multichannel Audio Data over Internet. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, July-August 2000.


Dr. Juan Bello, Ph.D

Bello, J.P. 2009. Grouping Recorded Music by Structural Similarity. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR-09). Kobe, Japan.

Bello, J.P. 2007. Audio-based Cover Song Retrieval using Approximate Chord Sequences: Testing Shifts, Gaps, Swaps and Beats. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR-07). Vienna, Austria.

Bello , J.P., Daudet, L., Abdallah, S., Duxbury, C., Davies, M. and Sandler, M.B. A 2005. Tutorial on onset detection in music signals. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing. 13(5), Part 2, pages 1035-1047,

Bello, J.P., Daudet, L. and Sandler, M.B. 2006. Automatic piano transcription using frequency and time-domain information. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing. 14(6), pages 2242- 2251.

Bello, J.P. and Pickens, J. 2005. A Robust Mid-level Representation for Harmonic Content in Music Signals. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR-05), London, UK.

Bello , J.P., Ravelli, E. and Sandler, M. 2006. Drum Sound Analysis for the Manipulation of Rhythm in Drum Loops. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP-06). Toulouse, France.

Ravelli, E., Bello , J.P. and Sandler, M. 2007. Automatic rhythm modification of drum loops. IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

Sarroff, A. and Bello, J.P. 2009. Predicting the Perceived Spaciousness of Stereophonic Music Recordings. Proceedings of the 6th Sound and Music Computing Conference (SMC 09). Porto, Portugal.


Dr. Gottfried Schlaug, Ph.D

Bachorik J, Bangert M, Loui P, Larke K, Berger J, Rowe R, Schlaug G. 2009. The effects of musicianship, song familiarity, and genre on emotional judgments of musical stimuli. Music Perception. in press.

Bangert M, Peschel T, Schlaug G, Rotte M, Drescher D, Hinrichs H, Heinze HJ, Altenmüller E. 2006. Shared networks for auditory and motor processing in professional pianists: Evidence from fMRI conjunction. Neuroimage, 30:917-926.

Bangert M, Schlaug G. 2006. Form follows function. Specialization within the specialized. European J Neurosci, 24:1832-1834.

Bermpohl F, Pascual-Leone A, Amedi A, Merabet L, Fregni F, Gaab N, Alsop D, Schlaug G, Northoff G. 2006. Attentional modulation of emotional stimulus processing – an fMRI study uusing emotional expectancy. Human Brain Mapping, 27:662-677.

Bermpohl F, Pascual-Leone A, Amedi A, Merabet L, Fregni F, Gaab N, Alsop D, Schlaug G, Northoff G. 2006. Dissociable networks for the expectancy and perception of emotional stimuli in the human brain. Neuroimage, 30:588-600.

Forgeard M, Schlaug G, Norton A, Winner E. 2008. The relation between music and phonological processing in normal-reading and dyslexic children. Music Perception, 25:383-390.

Forgeard M, Winner E, Norton A, Schlaug G. 2008. Practicing a musical instrument in childhood is associated with enhanced verbal ability and nonverbal reasoning. PLoS ONE, 3:e3566.

Gaser C, Schlaug G. 2003. Brain structures differ between musicians and non- musicians. J Neuroscience, 23:9240-9245.

Hamilton R, Pascual-Leone A, Schlaug G. 2004. Absolute Pitch in Blind Musicians. Neuroreport, 15:803-806.

Heinzel A, Bermpohl F, Niese R, Pfennig A, Pascual-Leone A, Schlaug G, Northoff G. 2005. How do we modulate our emotions? Parametric fMRI reveals cortical midline structures as regions specifically involved in the processing of emotional valences. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 25:348-358.

Hutchinson S, Lee LHL, Gaab N, Schlaug G. 2003. Cerebellar volume: gender and musicianship effects. Cerebral Cortex, 13:943-949.

Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, Forgeard M, Winner E, Evans AC, Schlaug G. 2009. Musical training shapes structural brain development. J Neurosci, 29:3019-3025.

Keenan JP, Halpern AR, Thangaraj V, Chen C, Edelman RR, Schlaug G. 2001. Absolute pitch and planum temporale. Neuroimage, 14:1402-1408.

Koelsch S, Fritz T, Schulze K, Alsop D, Schlaug G. 2005. Adults and children processing music: an fMRI study. Neuroimage, 25:1068-1076.

Koelsch S, Fritz T, Schlaug G. 2008. Changes in amygdala activity in response to unexpected chords. Neuroreport, 19:1815-1819.

Lahav A, Boulanger A, Schlaug G, Saltzman E. 2005. The power of listening. Auditory-motor interactions in musical training. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1060:189-194.

Lahav A, Saltzman E, Schlaug G. 2007. Action representation of sound: audiomotor recognition network while listening to newly-acquired actions. J Neuroscience 27:308-314.

Lee DJ, Chen Y, Schlaug G. 2003. Corpus callosum: musician and gender effects. NeuroReport, 14:205-209.

Loui P, Gunther F, Mathys C, Schlaug G. 2008. Action-Perception Mismatch in Tone-Deafness. Current Biology, 18:331-332.

Loui P, Schlaug G. 2009. Investigating musical disorders with diffusion tensor imaging: A comparison of imaging parameters. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1169: in press.

Mandell J, Schulze K, Schlaug G. 2007. Congenital amusia – an auditory-motor feedback disorder? Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 25:323-334.

Northoff G, Heinzel A, Bempohl F, Niese R, Pfennig A, Pascual-Leone A, Schlaug G. 2004. Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in the prefrontal cortex: An fMRI study on emotional-cognitive interaction. Human Brain Mapping 21:202-212.

Norton A, Winner E, Cronin K, Overy K, Lee DJ, Schlaug G. 2005. Are there pre- existing neural, cognitive, or motoric markers for musical ability? Brain Cogn, 59:124-134.

Norton A, Zipse L, Marchina S, Schlaug G. 2009. Melodic Intonation Therapy: How it is done and why it might work. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1169: in press.

Overy K, Norton A, Cronin K, Gaab N, Alsop D, Winner E, Schlaug G. 2004. Differential lateralization for melody versus rhythm is already present in young children. Neuroreport, 15:1723-1726.

Overy K, Norton A, Cronin K, Winner E, Schlaug G. 2005. Examining rhythm and melody processing in young children using fMRI. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1060:210-218.

Schlaug G. 2001 The brain of musicians: A model for functional and structural plasticity.Ann NY Acad Sci, 930: 281-299.

Schlaug G. 2009. Listening to and Making Music facilitates brain recovery processes. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 1169: in press

Schlaug G, Forgeard M, Zhu L, Norton A, Norton Andrew, Winner E. 2009. Training-induced neuroplasticity in young children. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1169: in press.

Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Staiger JF, Steinmetz H. 1995. Increased corpus callosum size in musicians. Neuropsychologia, 33:1047-1055.

Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Steinmetz H. 1995. In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians. Science, 267:699-671.

Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Steinmetz H. 1995. Musical ability [letter]. Science. 268:621-622.

Schlaug G, Marchina S, Norton A. 2008. From Singing to Speaking: Why Patients with Broca’s Aphasia can sing and how that may lead to recovery of expressive language functions. Music Perception, 25:315-323.

Schlaug G, Marchina S, Norton A. 2009. Evidence for plasticity in white matter tracts of chronic aphasic patients undergoing intense intonation-based speech therapy. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1169: in press.

Schlaug G, Norton A, Overy K, Winner E. 2005. Effects of music training on the child’s brain and cognitive development. Ann N Y Acad Sci ,1060:219-230.


Professor Fred Lerdahl

Bigand, E., Parncutt, R., & Lerdahl, F. 1996. Perception of Musical Tension in Short Chord Sequences: The Influence of Harmonic Function, Sensory Dissonance, Horizontal Motion, and Musical Training. Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 125-141.

Jackendoff, R., & Lerdahl, F. 2006. The Capacity for Music: What Is It, and What’s Special about It? Cognition, 100: 33-72.

Lerdahl, F. Tonal Pitch Space. 2001. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lerdahl, F & Jackendoff, R. 1983. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Lerdahl, F., & Krumhansl, C.L. 2007. Modeling Tonal Tension. Music Perception, 24:329-366.